Many modules’ parameter knobs can be modulated by control voltage (CV) signals. CV input ports may be accompanied by attenuverters.

Calibration

In DHE-Modules, modulation by CV is calibrated to expect a CV signal in the range [-5V,5V].

• A 0V CV signal yields the current value of the knob.
• A 5V CV signal yields the value as if the knob were rotated 50% clockwise of its actual position.
• A -5V CV signal yields the value as if the knob were rotated 50% counterclockwise of its actual position.

WARNING: Modulation can yield values far outside a knob’s normal range.

For example:

• With a knob in its center position, CV signals greater than 5V produce values higher than the knob’s normal range.
• With a knob fully clockwise, positive CV signals produce values higher than the knob’s normal range.

Attenuverters

A CV input port may be accompanied by a small attenuverter (- +) knob. This knob can attenuate and invert the effect of the CV signal on the modulated knob.

• Full clockwise rotation results in the CV signal having its full effect on the knob.
• Values between the full clockwise position and the center position attenuate the CV signal, lessening its effect.
• The center position fully attenuates the CV signal so that it has no effect.
• Fully counterclockwise inverts the CV signal, so that a positive voltage reduces the value of the knob and a negative voltage increases the value of the knob.
• Values between the full counterclockwise position and the center position both invert and attenuate the effect of the CV signal.